![]() However, it is noted that physiologically there is 50-75 mL of fluid in the abdominal cavity. The amount has not been defined formally. With ECG-gated data acquisition, image resolution can approach that of CT or echocardiography, clearly delineating myocardial wall thickness and motion, chamber volumes, intraluminal masses or clot, and valve planes.Ascites (plural is the same word) tends to be reserved for relatively sizable amounts of peritoneal fluid. ![]() Among birth defects, congenital heart disease is the leading cause of infant mortality. read more, congenital heart disease Overview of Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). read more, dissections Aortic Dissection Aortic dissection is the surging of blood through a tear in the aortic intima with separation of the intima and media and creation of a false lumen (channel). Common causes include hypertension, atherosclerosis, infection, trauma, and hereditary or acquired connective. Standard MRI is useful for evaluating areas around the heart, particularly the mediastinum and great vessels (eg, for studying aneurysms Overview of Aortic Aneurysms Aneurysms are abnormal dilations of arteries caused by weakening of the arterial wall. Recent studies suggest that absence of coronary artery calcium portends a very favorable prognosis. The amount of coronary artery calcium present can be used to determine10-year risk of CAD. Nonenhanced scans to evaluate for coronary artery calcification can be done with even lower radiation exposure. The presence of high-density calcified plaques creates imaging artifacts that interfere with interpretation. Although the radiation dose can be significant, about 15 mSv (vs 0.1 mSv for a chest x-ray and 7 mSv for coronary angiography), newer imaging protocols can reduce the exposure to 5 to 10 mSv. The primary benefit of MDCT appears to be to rule out clinically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who are at low or intermediate risk of CAD. MDCT is currently used mainly for patients with indeterminate stress imaging test results as a noninvasive alternative to coronary angiography Angiography Cardiac catheterization is the passage of a catheter through peripheral arteries or veins into cardiac chambers, the pulmonary artery, and coronary arteries and veins. However, CT requires a radiopaque contrast agent, which may limit its use in patients with renal impairment. read more, chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. read more, acute pulmonary embolism Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the occlusion of pulmonary arteries by thrombi that originate elsewhere, typically in the large veins of the legs or pelvis. Myxoma, a benign tumor, is the most common type of primary cardiac tumor. read more ), cardiac tumors Cardiac Tumors Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (malignant). ![]() read more, aortic dissection Aortic Dissection Aortic dissection is the surging of blood through a tear in the aortic intima with separation of the intima and media and creation of a false lumen (channel). read more (especially abnormal arteriovenous connections), disorders of the great vessels (eg, aortic aneurysm Overview of Aortic Aneurysms Aneurysms are abnormal dilations of arteries caused by weakening of the arterial wall. ![]() read more, congenital cardiac disorders Overview of Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). Pericarditis may be caused by many disorders (eg, infection, myocardial infarction, trauma. Spiral (helical) CT may be used to evaluate pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation in the pericardial space. ![]()
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